Alpha-Keto-Glutarate

Alpha-keto-glutarate is a non-essential amino acid that is produced naturally in the citric acid cycle. This ingredient has been found to have an effect on the breakdown of ammonia (60), playing a key role in the oxidation of glutamine and is suggested to increase protein synthesis (61). It doesn’t however affect body composition, fat free mass or aerobic capacity (60). More research needs to be taken to fully determine its effects as the mechanisms are poorly understood (62).

60 – Campbell, B., Roberts, M., Kerksick, C., Wilborn, C., Marcello, B., Taylor, L., … & Kreider, R. (2006). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on exercise performance of L-arginine α-ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Nutrition, 22(9), 872-881.

61 – Hammarqvist, F., Wernerman, J., Von der Decken, A., & Vinnars, E. (1991). Alpha-ketoglutarate preserves protein synthesis and free glutamine in skeletal muscle after surgery. Surgery, 109(1), 28-36.

62 – Goodman, C., Peeling, P., Ranchordas, M. K., Burke, L. M., Stear, S. J., & Castell, L. M. (2011). A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—Part 21. British journal of sports medicine, 45(8), 677-679.