Choline

Choline is a water soluble nutrient that is naturally found within the body in small doses. The health benefits of choline are that it helps prevent fatty liver damage (1) as well as a lowering in cholesterol (2). It is used by athletes who believe it can delay fatigue however some studies have shown this not to be the case (3).

1 – Lombardi, B., Pani, P., & Schlunk, F. F. (1968). Choline-deficiency fatty liver: impaired release of hepatic triglycerides. Journal of lipid research, 9(4), 437-446.

2 – De Miguel, I., Roueche, A., & Betbeder, D. (1999). Separation of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and their degradation products by high-performance liquid chromatography on a perfluorinated stationary bonded phase. Journal of Chromatography A, 840(1), 31-38.

3 – Spector, S. A., Jackman, M. R., Sabounjian, L. A., Sakkas, C. A. L. L. I., Landers, D. M., & Willis, W. T. (1995). Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 27(5), 668-673.